The Time Period Of Late Colonial And Revolutionary America

During the time period of late colonial and revolutionary America, change emerged with great occurrence. Society and the individuals that shaped its very being were influenced greatly by not just the land around them, but the people who came forth and represented it. From 1787 to 1861, America experienced an increased fluctuate of these particular individuals. For example Alexander Hamilton, Frederick Douglas, and Andrew Jackson. Each of those named reigned in their own quarters leaving an influential mark in cultural and political domains. One being one of America’s founding fathers, another being a highly revered social reformer, and lastly one who served as the seventh president of the United States. To be a white man owning a considerable amount of property meant that their â€Å"voice† was valid, considerably they had a decision on the direction America would go. However, not everyone fit into the standards that defined the white man who held a voice. To be alive during the time of a highly judgmental society having a voice was faced with high criticism. It was background information and social status swayed over the people. Diversity between these two factors shaped the voices of American society, molding experience into the men and women who left their influence on American history. Who is Alexander Hamilton? Hamilton was born in the British West Indies. He became a clerk at the age of 11 under a businessman named Nicolas Cruger. This businessman found a way to sendShow MoreRelatedWhat Factors During The Colonial Period Essay1636 Words   |  7 Pagesduring the colonial period led to American colonists declaring independence from the British Empire? Be sure to discuss the economic, political, and cultural aspects of the American Revolution. PROVISIONAL HYPOTHESIS: The structure of America revolution to address a various issue, which has great impact on America It, was the procedure where the thirteen colonies of North America became independent of Great Britain also then formed a new integrated government. The major reasons of America revolutionRead MoreThe Sons Of Liberty And Their Influence On Colonial Rule1948 Words   |  8 Pagesdiscontent towards colonial rule in America, ultimately leading to its independence. The Surge in the number of patriotic revolutionary groups, seen in the late 1700’s, can be attributed to the Sons of Liberty and their influence on the public’s attitude towards colonial rule. Numerous forms of propaganda were used by the Sons, reflecting poorly upon colonial rule, therefore furthering discontent amongst the population. Additionally, the lack of British military enforcement in its colonial states allowedRead MoreThe American Revolution Revolutionary Revolution1329 Words   |  6 Pagesthe yoke of e mpirical control its lasting importance would have been lost amongst the scores of colonial revolutions that came before it, such as the Dutch’s break from the Spanish or the Corsicans overthrow of the Genoese. Influenced by the period of enlightenment, the American Revolution was also a revolution of thought which sent rapid waves of change through the social and cultural spheres of the time. In the decades that predated the American Revolution, many nations looked to England as a modelRead MoreBenjamin Franklin : An Archetypal American1200 Words   |  5 PagesBenjamin Franklin was no doubt an archetypal American. No one since him has ever had the same amount of success as him. He was a private businessman who made enough money to retire early and to spend the rest of his life in politics. Around this time period only the rich were able to retire early. He was industrious. Franklin continually put forth the idea of the industrious American. He had support from the middle- class who did not care if he was rich but he was a man who was self-made and workedRead MoreJonathan Edwards And The Great Awakening1080 Words   |  5 Pagesin the Great Awakening. Jonathan Edwards had a large scale influence on American society because of his personal background and his preaching style. From 1729 to 1750 Edwards served as head pastor of the church of Northampton, taking over for his late grandfather. Though Edwards came to believe that â€Å"none ought to be admitted as members to the visible church of Christ but visible and professing saints,† his church had practiced the antithetical policy for decades, allowing all at the communionRead MoreThe American Revolutionary War Was Truly Revolutionary?1240 Words   |  5 Pagesextent to which the American Revolutionary War was truly ‘revolutionary?’† The American Revolution, which occurred approximately from 1765 to 1786, is also known as the American Revolutionary War and the U.S. War of Independence, for good reason. The conflict rose from rising tensions amid the people of Great Britain’s thirteen American colonies and the colonial government, which represented the British crown. Clashes between Britain’s troops and colonial militiamen in Lexington andRead MoreKate Haulman s Politics Of Fashion873 Words   |  4 PagesKate Haulman’s The Politics of Fashion in Eighteenth-Century America presents the multi-faceted role of fashion in late colonial and early American politics. She demonstrates how changes in fashion both reflected and helped create meaning and tension in regards to â€Å"gender relations, social order, and political authority† (3). The cumulative effect of her discussion of fashion is that the reader sees that eighteenth-century American life was far more contested and fluid than it m ight seem at firstRead MoreU.s. History During The Colonial Period928 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the most significant events in U.S. history during the late colonial period was the Boston Tea Party. After the Boston Massacre in spring of 1770, all of the Townshend acts had been repealed except the tea tax, and tensions went down, for the most part, between the colonists and the British. Two years later, however, the Gaspee incident and consequent formation of the Committee of Correspondence brought the tension back, to an alarming degree. Then in 1773, when Lord North tried to help theRead MoreLinda Kerber s Women Of The Republic1269 Words   |  6 Pages LINDA KERBER: WOMEN OF THE REPUBLIC Name: (Class Information): Date:â€Æ' The ideals by the Republicans which came into the limelight after the Revolutionary War would set into motion a revolution not just in the United States but in many countries across the world. Linda Kerber’s ‘Women of the Republic’ is a demonstration of the paradigm shift in relation to the US social and political structures after the American Revolution. Kerber observes that not only did the war provide more opportunitiesRead MoreSlavery Was A Part Of Many Societies And Nations Around The World1401 Words   |  6 Pagessocieties and nations around the world in times past. There was slavery in North America before the United States was established. However, the United States continued the practice until the Civil War in the mid-1800s. Before the Civil War, slavery and descendants of slaves were much of the backbone and strength of the society and economy of the United States. Slavery really fully developed during the colonial times; boomed in the South during the antebellum times; and finally dissipated after a war proved

Can Microevolution Lead to Macroevolution

Liberal Humanistic Critique of A Separate Peace - 1112 Words

John Knowles’ novel, A Separate Peace, reveals the many dangers and hardships of adolescence. The main characters, Gene, and Finny, spend their summer together at a boarding school called Devon. The two boys, do everything together, until Gene, the main character, develops a resentful hatred toward his friend Finny. Gene becomes extremely jealous and envious of Finny, which fuels this resentment, and eventually turns deadly. Knowles presents a look at the darker side of adolescence, showing jealousy’s disastrous effects. Gene’s envious thoughts and jealous nature, create an internal enemy, that he must fight. A liberal humanistic critique reveals that Knowles’ novel, A Separate Peace, has a self contained meaning, expresses the†¦show more content†¦Gene made Finny his enemy, only because he felt envious of his personality and character. Knowles explains that all people should live life to its fullest, and avoid jealousy, envy, and hatred. A liberal humanistic review, shows that Knowles’ novel, promotes the enhancement of life. Knowles’ novel A Separate Peace, also reveals that human nature never changes. Knowles, reveals the tragic flaw of jealousy, that has continuously plagued human nature. Gene’s envy of Finny’s exceptional personality and character, reveals this terrible flaw. Human nature has always contained jealousy or envy, but Knowles’ novel reveals its truly destructive nature, through the characters’ thoughts and actions. Gene’s character, illustrates the progression of human nature and jealousy. A pattern is revealed, that simple jealousy forces action, which in turn, creates guilt and internal punishment. This represents the static nature of humans, who change very little. Gene’s envy, forces him to act, which creates enormous guilt that he must now carry. Knowles reveals that humans do not change or learn, even after a great tragedy. Gene may have learned from his actions, but all the other characters, will take no heed. This shows th at although humans should learn from their past mistakes, they do not pay attention, and continue doing what they know they should not. Gene â€Å"jounced the limb,† (Knowles 60,) thus ending Finny’s life. Humans however, will not change, and another personShow MoreRelatedA Critical Review of â€Å"the Ambiguities of Football, Politics, Culture, and Social Transformation in Latin America† by Tamir Bar-on.14147 Words   |  57 PagesPolitics; Social Transformation; Sport and Games [pic] [pic]Introduction 1.1 As Western society nears the end of the twentieth century, the howling horrors of political totalitarianism - namely, Stalinism and Nazism - grow dim, and liberal, capitalist horizons fade in the winter of nihilism (Grant, 1969: p. 40), dictated by the pure will to technology;[1] mastery over humanity, nature, and chance; the cult of money; and shallow, instrumental individualism. Meanwhile, the boundariesRead MoreGp Essay Mainpoints24643 Words   |  99 Pagesgeneral election (most memorable online moments pale by comparison: first political suicide by Twitter when a Labour candidate posted some crude comments) (moment that changed the campaign was a live televised debate where in a 90-minute contest, the Liberal Democrat leader, Nick Clegg, ended in clear victory and whose support surged by an unprecedented 50 percent afterward: TV invented in 1925) (most memorable incident came when Prime Minister Gordon Brown was campaigning in Rochdale when a widow cameRead MoreNegotiati on and Culture: Case Study24152 Words   |  97 Pagesgeneral expected and desired (Hofstede, 1991: 37). In Japan this inequality is especially expressed in the oya-ko concept (literally meaning parentchild), which originally refers to a leader or a work group and its members. 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Essay about Zara Case Analysis - 1522 Words

Zara is a retailing chain of Inditexthat specializes in high-fashion at reasonable prices. In the last 12 months, Inditex’s stock price has increased by 50% despite bearish market conditions. The 50% increase is due to the investor expectations of Inditex’s growth. Inditex’s growth can be contributed to the decisions it has made in creating a vertically integrated centralized process. The centralization of its vertically integrated operations in Europe provided it with its competitive advantage; however, I believe it will also make it fail if it decides to grow substantially into other markets. Financial Analysis compare to competitors In comparing Inditex financial performance against its competitors, it is apparent that Inditex is†¦show more content†¦Zarawas able to catch a trend while it was hot thus customers were willing to pay a higher premium for the product increasing their gross margin. In addition, Zara did not have to commit to its supplier s several months in advance of a season on the style and amount needed unlike its competitors. Zara was able to create in smaller batches, thus decreasing risk by limiting the amount of inventory on hand. The downside of owning and controlling production is that it often leads to higher costs of labor compared to labor in developing countries (south-east Asia). To lessen the costs, Zaradecided to outsource the main commodities of apparel such as the undyed fabric, buttons and zippers. Because these were basic ingredients to any apparel it did not affect the final product and cut down cost. Also, 85%-90% of their styles were standard across stores and countries which benefited from economies of scale. Lastly by playing both role of manufacturer and retailer Zara is able to get profits on both sides. The short-lead times provide flexibility to Zara; however, Zara needs to provide the consumer with the latest trends in order to increase profitability. Therefore, Zara invests heavily in their product development teams compared to their competitors. Extensive continual market research was performed on current trends from fashion shows, universities and key trendShow MoreRelatedZara Case Analysis1872 Words   |  8 PagesAlbert Sedaghatpour Individual Case Analysis-Zara 7/24/09 Introduction Zara is the flagship chain store of Inditex Group owned by Spanish tycoon Amancio Ortega. The group is located in Spain, where the first Zara store was opened. Zara has opposed the industry-wide trend towards turning fast fashion production to low-cost countries. Possibly its most atypical strategy is its policy of zero advertising; the firm opted to invest a portion of revenues in opening new stores instead. At the end of 2001Read MoreZara Case Study Analysis1858 Words   |  8 PagesCASE STUDY ANALYSIS: ZARA Name Institution Professor Course Date Table of Contents 1. Introduction 3 2. Strategic Issues Underpinning the Buying Decisions at Zara 3 3. Zara’s Product Mix Strategy: Advantages and Disadvantages 6 4. Conclusion 8 REFERENCES 10 1. Introduction Zara is a successful retail clothing company that expanded over the years due to its elaborate supply chain and excellent product mix strategy. The company established in 1963 opened its first store in 1975Read MoreZara Case Analysis1564 Words   |  7 PagesZara is a retailing chain of Inditexthat specializes in high-fashion at reasonable prices. In the last 12 months, Inditex’s stock price has increased by 50% despite bearish market conditions. The 50% increase is due to the investor expectations of Inditex’s growth. Inditex’s growth can be contributed to the decisions it has made in creating a vertically integrated centralized process. The centralization of its vertically integrated operations in Europe provided it with its competitive advantage;Read MoreZara: a Marketing Analysis Case Study5929 Words   |  24 Pages my organization is ZARA. Based in La Coruna, Spain, Zara is Inditex’s main brand, (Fashion Forward -The Economist, 2012). Founded in 1975 by Amancio Ortega Zara now has stores in 73 countries. With estimated annual revenue in excess of 7 billion Euro, Zara has over 1700 stores worldwide, (Wikipedia, 2013). Zara has been described by Louis Vuitton fashion director as â€Å"possibly the most innovative and devastating retailer in the world†, (Wikipedia, 2013). WHY ZARA? 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Small-Scale Fish Farming in Bangladesh Free Essays

string(84) " stocked with fingerlings or fry and the fish can be harvested later on using nets\." Small-scale fish farming in Bangladesh Introduction For many people in Bangladesh small-scale fish farming is an important opportunity to generate income and is a significant nutritional source providing protein-rich food all year round. It comprises of a range of options that can be adapted to suit the needs and capacity of people living in rural Bangladesh. The two approaches commonly implemented on a small scale are: †¢ Local pond fish farming Open water fish farming in lakes, rivers, dams and reservoirs The benefit to low-income farmers is that they are able to invest in fish cultivation when there is sufficient income, which will then be able to generate additional income and food when other sources of income are limited. We will write a custom essay sample on Small-Scale Fish Farming in Bangladesh or any similar topic only for you Order Now Much of Bangladesh is flooded annually during the monsoon season as water flows into the country through the Ganga (Ganges), Brahmaputra and Meghna rivers. This provides an extensive range of habitats for wild and cultivated fish species. Fish catches are highest after the monsoon rains when supplies of other foods, such as rice, are low. With so much water, fishing plays a vital role in the economy of rural villages. Fish farming options Capital intensive One of the main trends in fish culture over recent years has been towards capital-intensive, high-input high-yield systems, which can dramatically improve the rate of production if operated in ideal conditions. The development of practical hatching techniques has vastly improved fish cultivation and allowed careful breeding and selection of desired species to take place. Although these techniques were introduced to Bangladesh some years ago, it has taken time for them to become established. Commercially produced fish have become a significant proportion of the total fish supply. But intensive cultivation methods increase the cost of fish production beyond the reach of poorer farmers. Consequently, alternative low-cost approaches have been promoted by NGOs working in the country. Fish farming for the poor An enormous variety of water bodies, including rivers, irrigation canals, flood plains, beels (large depressions), ox bow lakes and ponds are dispersed throughout Bangladesh offering considerable potential for fish cultivation, but a general lack of capital, access to resources and knowledge means that many farmers are unable to provide all the commercial inputs required for intensive production methods. An alternative low-cost approach is more appropriate for many people, relying on existing water bodies and natural vegetation and household waste, supplemented with animal protein in the form of snails and homemade supplements for fish feed. Many NGOs are adopting strategies to minimise the inherent riskiness of fish culture by undertaking research into low-input systems, low-cost technology, fast growing species and alternative management practices. Pond culture Site selection is an important factor in the success of a fish farm but the ideal site is usually not available to poorer families. Site location will be dependent on a number of factors: †¢ The fish species being raised. †¢ Soil quality, which affects water quality and productivity. †¢ An adequate supply of water. †¢ Land ownership. Marketplace and market conditions. †¢ Fish food and other inputs available to the farmer. †¢ Groups adjacent to water. †¢ More than 1 metre water retention capacity for at least 6 months of the year. †¢ Pollution free. Ideally, the fishpond should be 0. 5 to 1. 0 metres at the shallow end and sloping to 1. 5 to 2 . 0 metres at the drain end. Drain vales, baffle boards or tilt-over standpipes s hould be incorporated into the design. It should be possible to drain the pond within three days. The edges of the pond should have a slope of 2:1 or 3:1 on all sides. If possible the pond should be located to take advantage of the effect of the wind on the surface of the pond to mix the water; although locations that are too windy can cause erosion of dykes. If the site is very windy the long side of the pond should be at right angles to the prevailing wind. Hedges and trees can be used to protect the pond. In practice, existing ponds and pools are abundant in Bangladesh, often located near to farmers’ homes. Small-scale fish cultivation is mainly a secondary occupation for farmers. These ponds tend to be small (less than 0. 5 acres) and do not have any water drain facility. They are commonly referred to as fishponds but are in fact â€Å"borrow pits†, where earth has been removed for building. Fish breading is just one of the activities that the ponds are used for. Other uses may include domestic water use, washing, irrigation or duck keeping. Ponds are occasionally integrated into paddy fields as additional ditches. Consequently, t he ponds have many limitations for producing fish. In managing the ponds there are many potential problems to be considered, including: †¢ Broken pond banks; check the pond walls on a regular basis. An irregular water supply, too much water in the monsoon season and too little in the summer. †¢ Predators; check the pond for signs of snake and rat holes. The Boal fish is a particular menace that eats smaller fish. †¢ Grazing animals can damage the pond banks and should be kept out of the way. †¢ Silting or a build up of organic matter; check the bottom of the pond and scoop silt out when required. Mud on the bottom of the ponds can be agitated with a rope to release harmful gasses. †¢ Leakage; check the inlet and outlet on a regular basis. Fish diseases; check the fish on a regular basis. †¢ Poor water quality; lime can be added to improve the water quality. Open water fish farming Open water fish farming is particularly suited to Bangladesh with its man y water sources. Cages or pens are used to separate an area of larger water bodies for fish cultivation. The selected water source should be of good quality with low turbidity. Dams and reservoirs primarily exist to store water but as a secondary function these bodies of water can be stocked with fingerlings or fry and the fish can be harvested later on using nets. You read "Small-Scale Fish Farming in Bangladesh" in category "Essay examples" In river locations a slow current is necessary and there should be little disturbance from water traffic. The disadvantages are: †¢ Fish farmers have little control of the water, as they do not own the dam or reservoir. †¢ Water cannot be drained, as the main function of the resource is to provide water. †¢ There are likely to be more predators of the fish in the water. †¢ It is not possible to feed or fertilize the water, as occurs in more intensive fish farming, so there is a reliance on naturally occurring fish food. There is a potential risk from disease but stock held in small-scale cages scattered around villages will probably be less vulnerable than stock held in more concentrated and centralized commercial systems. †¢ The risk from theft and vandalism is a serious problem in some places. This is especially real for the poorest people who are perceived as easy victims. †¢ A significant expansion of cage culture activities in some villages could le ad to local depletion of snail or other foods, to the detriment of ducks and other domestic and wild animals. †¢ Multiple ownership of ponds can be a major drawback to the effective use of such resources. Consensus over access to the water for the poor has to be developed. Figure 2: Bilkish Begum and Hamida Begum working with fish cages (Photo credit: Practical Action / Zul) Fish cages Cages are used as a form of farming in their own right within flowing or large bodies of water and can also be used in small pond fish culture to protect fingerlings in the initial stages of development. Small cages with a capacity of one cubic metre are suitable for fingerling protection. The cage can hold up to 300 fish at a time. People grow fish in their local ponds using a simple fish cage known locally as a â€Å"hapa†. A few young fish are put into each â€Å"hapa†, which acts as their home, floating just below the surface of the pond. Cage construction Cages can be made using a few cheap materials. Bamboo poles form an outer frame that is covered in netting; inside is a â€Å"nursery† section for the younger, more delicate fish; and floats are added at the corners. A cage is a very simple means of restraining fish in one place and it can be easily made using local materials. Cage design must incorporate certain physical properties, including the ability to hold fish securely but also to be within the financial means of the cage operators. The cages presently used are small in size, measuring between 1 and 2m3, inexpensive and simple to construct. Farmers use both fixed and floating cages. In general, fixed cages are installed in water where the depth is relatively low and bamboo poles can be fixed into the riverbed or substrate. Floating cages do not have this limitation and can be used in deep water. Floating cages tend to be easier to manage but when selecting the type and design the following points should be considered: †¢ Ability †¢ Input availability †¢ Natural disaster †¢ Type of water body Water depth †¢ Water current †¢ Water retention period over one year †¢ Social problem †¢ Cage management Fixed cages Fixed cages are very easy to construct and only require a small amount of capital investment. The materials needed to make fixed cages are netting with an 8mm mesh size, bamboo, rope, twine and sinker. Routine management is difficult for these cages and storms, strong c urrents, tidal surges and flooding may cause damage if precautionary measures are not taken. Fixed cages are difficult to move from one place to another during water fluctuation. A top cover is usually provided on cages to reduce the risk of fish escaping, especially in areas prone to flash floods where water levels rise very quickly. A small opening is kept at one edge or in the middle of the top covering for feeding purposes. A feeding platform made of fine mesh is placed on the bottom of each cage to minimise food loss. To fix the cage, four bamboo poles are fixed in the substrate and the four top and bottom corners of the cage are tied to the bamboo poles with nylon rope, allowing the cage netting to stretch. To minimise installation cost and to reduce daily management labour, cages are sometimes fixed in rows with a narrow space between the adjacent cages. Floating cages The size of the cage is usually 1m3. A top net is always used to minimise escapees because the cage is only a few centimetres above the water surface. The top of the cage is on hinges that can be opened to allow feeding, the checking of fish, the removal of waste and harvesting. A layer of fine mesh net is placed along the bottom of the cage and 10 centimetres up each side which reduces food loss. However, where water has a high turbidity, the use of fine mesh is not recommended as it clogs up the mesh and causes structural stress on the cage frame. In these areas, feeding trays should be used instead of fine mesh. Buoyancy is achieved by using four plastic floats (buoys) which are tied to the four horizontal frames, approximately 10 centimetres from the top of the cage. Bamboo frame cage To make a 1m3 bamboo cage, twelve one metre long bamboo sticks (about 2cm in diameter) are required and fixed into the holes of the angles, one angle for each corner, giving a box shape. Advantages and disadvantages of fixed and floating cages | |Fixed cages |Floating cages | |Advantages | |Cost per unit is small |Water volume remains constant even with a fluctuation in the water | |Not damaged by storms |level | |Easy age management |Cage can be installed in deep water | |Cage bags spread properly in the water |Floating cage with box type frame gives adequate space inside | |Easy to const ruct | |In tidal water bodies the effective cage depth is greater | |Disadvantages | |Water depth inside cage varies with the fluctuation of the water |Cost per unit is higher than fixed cages | |level |Algae deposits on cage net affect the water exchange | |Vulnerable to tidal surge and storm |Cage management i. e. cleaning, moving and sampling are not easy | |Cage cannot be installed in all types of water bodies |Due to water flow sometimes the cage bag does not spread properly | |Prone to crab cutting |Easy to steal fish by lifting the cage | |Poorer fish growth and higher mortality rate |During flooding may wash away | Cage management Care of cages – cleaning of aquatic weeds nearby, removal of water hyacinth, cleaning of waste feeds from cages, cleaning of deposited silts from cage, removal of dead fishes, checking cage frames, floats, ties, anchors, feeding trays etc. , cage shifting, considering the water level, checking water pollution and guarding. Care of net – Algae attachment should be cleaned at regular basis to ensure water exchange, net holes must be checked properly and need quick repairing when necessary. Care of fish – profitability depends on proper attention to the fish growth, regular, adequate and quality feeding is important. Fish health and disease should be monitored during feeding and sampling. The fish must be fed daily using aquatic weed or a mixture of rice bran, oil cakes, kitchen waste, chopped snails or cow dung. Minimising risk of cage culture †¢ Appropriate cage design can help minimise failure. †¢ The use of more than one cage per household greatly reduces the risk of an individual losing all fish. †¢ Placing many cages together in clusters also reduces the risk of poaching. †¢ Individual farmers can form groups that can guard the fish and therefore considerably reduce potential poaching threats. Fish types Fish is an important part of the diet for the people in Bangladesh providing protein calcium, fatty acids and vitamins. Traditionally, a variety of local species were used in ponds, mainly carp, caught from the wild as spawn (fertilised eggs or small fish). One of the main drawbacks of this source of supply is that along with the desired fish species come many undesirable ones Most of the species currently used in the cages in Bangladesh are exotics. However, for decades these fish have bred naturally and distributed themselves throughout the flood plains and the delta. Common fish types The selection a suitable fish species will depend on various biological and economic factors, such as; †¢ Market price †¢ Growth rate †¢ Ability to reproduce simple culture of young fish Match of fish and available fish feed †¢ Water temperature is an important criteria in assessing which fish species is suitable. The main types of cultivated fish are Carp, Tilapia and Catfish. Other fish suitable to cultivation are eel, tawes, mullet, snakeskin, and rohu. Some fish are more suitable to pond condit ions than others, some fish will not adapt the confined conditions while others such as the indigenous Koi (Anabas testidunous) have been found to thrive in cages. Small indigenous species In addition to the main cultivated species there are many indigenous breeds of fish that play an important role in the nutrition of the population. These fish are classed as small indigenous species although not all fish within this classification are particularly small. Of the 260 species of fresh water fish found locally, over 140 species are classified as Small Indigenous Species (SIS) and account for over 80% of the total catch, consumed by the poorer section, as preferred species. The term SIS would seem to be a recent re interpretation of the Bangla word chotmach (literally small fish) as opposed to Boromach (literally large fish). Common fish within the small indigenous species category include: Figure 3: Bilkish with prepared food for her fish (Photo credit: Practical Action / Zul) †¢ Small catfish †¢ Knifefishes Snakeheads †¢ Needlefishes †¢ Minnows, Rasboras, and bards †¢ Loaches †¢ Anchovies and sardines †¢ Spiny eels †¢ Climbing perch †¢ Gobies †¢ Mud Perches †¢ Glassfishes †¢ Fresh water prawns Small, low-value fish are particularly important for the extrem ely poor after the rice harvest when the demand for their labour declines. Feeding the fish With the non-intensive approach it is possible to feed fish on nothing more than scraps and waste, duck weed, oil cake, kitchen waste, rice bran and snails which will provide all the nutrition required. Some low-cost feeds are bought in by the households, typically rice bran and oilcake, but these costs are minimal. Occasionally, the diet may be supplemented with commercially available compound feeds. In most cases a mixture of diets is offered, according to their availability and needs of the fish. Fish harvesting and marketing Growth is rapid in the warm climate of Bangladesh and the fish attain marketable size within 3-9 months, providing farmers with a rapid return on their investment and labour. Fingerling production culture cycle is between 1 and 2 months. Cage nursery producers can sell fingerlings to the pond farmers and ox-bow lake operators. Fish for food culture cycle is between 4 and 6 months. Fish food producers consume the cage fish as well as selling them in the market. Figure 4: A group of landless women discussing finances in Madaripur (Photo credit: Practical Action / Neil Cooper) Profitability depends on many factors including the type of water body and culture, cage construction materials, the choice of fish species, fingerling size and price, stocking density, feed price, availability of protein rich feed, culture duration, cage management, harvesting and marketing. Another concern relates to economies of scale. Almost all enterprises are subject to economies of scale, and cage culture is no exception. The labour of looking after one small cage is far greater per kilogram of product than that for looking after a large one. The cost of the cage per kilogram of production will also be higher for a small cage versus a large cage. However, co-operative use of labour can be used to realise economies of scale in relation to labour, and this is already done in many villages. The third concern, related to the second, is comparative advantage. A significant proportion of the fish is intended to be sold for cash rather than consumed by the farmer and his family. In the medium term, an important question is whether small-scale producers in villages are well placed to compete – either with larger commercial producers, or producers from elsewhere. If they are not, and if competition increases, then prices – and returns – will steadily decline. In practice there is strong local demand for fish throughout the country, and small-scale producers are well placed to serve widely-dispersed rural markets. Secondly, the use of surplus off-season and/or family labour is itself a comparative advantage. Thirdly, in those systems which use local food resources, such as natural foods and kitchen wastes, feed costs are relatively low compared with those for commercial producers. Small-scale fish producers should therefore be able to survive competition in much the same way as village-scale poultry producers have survived, and even to some extent benefit from the increasing number of intensive poultry operations. References and further reading †¢ Small-scale Freshwater Fish Farming by van Ear et al. Agromisa 1996 †¢ Cage and Pen Fish Farming: Carrying Capacity Models and Environmental Impact FAO Fisheries Technicla Paper 225, 1984 †¢ Food, Livelihoods and Freshwater Ecology: The Significance of Small Indigenous Fish Species, ITDG Bangladesh, 1999 For further information, please contact: Practical Action The Schumacher Centre for Technology and Development Bourton-on-Dunsmore Warwickshire CV23 9QZ United Kingdom Tel: + 44 (0)1926 634400 Fax: + 44 (0)1926 634401 E-mail infoserv@proacticalaction. org. uk Website: www. practicalaction. org Practical Action Bangladesh G. P. O. Box 3881 Dhaka 1000 Bangladesh Tel: + 880 – (0)2 – 8111934, 9110060, 9123671 Fax: + 880 – (0)2 – 8113134 E-mail: bangladesh@practicalaction. org. bd How to cite Small-Scale Fish Farming in Bangladesh, Essay examples

Harry Gordon Frankfurt, an American Philosopher free essay sample

Harry Frankfurt defined the principle of alternate possibilities ( PAP ): A person is morally responsible for his actions if he could t have done otherwise . And he argued as follows 1) ( PAP) is true 2) determinism : every event must be the way it is and we could t do otherwise Is also true Conclusion: ( PAP ) and determinism are not compatible This argument is a valid argument but It Is not a sound one because the author doesnt agree with the conclusion of the argument and since It Is a valid argument o he decides that one of the premises Is false and doubts the first premise .By Glenn us an example he will try to convince us that the (PAP) Is false . He states that Jones does action (A) and that Black Is some kind of manipulator that has the ability to manipulate Jones so he can Inhalant Jones from performing actions other than (A) without Jones knowing that black exists . We will write a custom essay sample on Harry Gordon Frankfurt, an American Philosopher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Black will manipulate only If Jones Is going to decide to do otherwise , so we conclude that Jones could t have done otherwise cause of Black , nevertheless Jones is morally responsible for action (A) because he did all on his own without the interference of Black.This example contradicts with definition of (PAP) . Because Jones is morally responsible even though he could t have done otherwise. Moreover I think it is wise to add an argument here : 1) Jones is morally responsible for his action (A) 2) Jones could t have done otherwise ( in other words his actions are determined ) We conclude that moral responsibility is compatible with determinism .One thing that I noticed from the example is that black s duty or job is to block or inhibit Jones choices of actions other than action (A) . Therefore the author admits that there are other choices of actions ( possible alternatives ) than action (A) , so possible alternatives is true but we have to find the right definition and application for it .

Impact of Reducing Overtime Penalty Rates

Question: Describe about the Impact of Reducing Overtime Penalty Rates. Answer: Introduction In contemporary corporate business, industry ethics concern the moral judgement of an individual to decide what is right and wrong. Through the identification corporate responsibilities, business ethics and code of conduct within the organisation have established the highest level of trust within the affiliates and business entities (Moon, 2011). Business ethics have delivered moral principles to a corporate business structure to determine the actions and activities within the organisational structure. For instance, business ethics prohibit modern organisation to condemn the practices such as child labour and bribery. Moreover, business ethics make the organisational management more responsible so that the administration can treat each of the subordinates in a fair way (Goodpaster, 2011). Understandably, business ethics enforce corporate sustainability creating fair competitive practices. Also, business ethics contribute towards corporate social responsibility practices so that organisations can deliver an aggressive return to the society. In order to govern the ethical and legal standards for employees and employers in Australia, the Fair Work Commission has been identified as Australias nationwide Bureau of relations tribunal. The commission regulates fair policies and competitor regulations promoting rights of the stakeholders. In order to resolve the issues in ethics, Fair Work Amendment Act 2013 and the Australian Human Rights Commission Act 1986 (Cth) can be enforced to reduce the grievances of the plaintiff (Fair Work Ombudsman, 2016). Issues regarding reducing overtime penalty rates Introduce and explain the issue Employees working in Australian corporate firms are often given overtime penalty rates for working on weekends, public holidays, late night shifts, overtime and early morning shifts. In the contemporary business situation, a deduction of overtime penalty rates in different industries can create so many issues within the organisational management. High amount overtime penalty rates and night shift loadings have influenced the workforce to work in a dedicated way (ABC News, 2015). In the case of reducing the overtime penalty rates, the adjusted pay rates might not meet the requirement of the employees (Harrison, 2015). Moreover, considering the business ethics, human resources must be paid sufficiently for their excess work during weekends, public holidays or overtime. Predictably, the recommendation of reducing the overtime penalty rates has been strongly objected by the unions (ABC News, 2015). Due to such decline in overtime penalty rates can create an adverse impact on the wage structure as well. Moreover, the employers association has welcomed the recommendations (Jones, 2011). Invariably, the deduction of penalty rates will be eventually profitable for the employers. Under the current scenario, productivity of the firms can get affected on a serious note. Notably, the Fair Work Commission must consider the change in overtime penalty rates as one of the most sensitive issues. Example of the issue The primary example of the issue is the conflict among the employee unions in different part of the country. The controversy related to the recommendations made by critics is the major example of the issues that may create fall of production in the weekends (Moon, 2011). Currently, a strike occurred in the Gold Coast Port of Brisbane which is an important trade centre for the country (ABC News, 2015). The strike occurred due to conflict between the trade unions and employers in the region regarding the minimum wage rate increase and overtime penalties. Hence, it can be seen that the reduction in the overtime penalty rates will result in loss of productivity and loyalty of the employees towards the company. Impact on workplace The main impact of the reducing overtime penalties will hit the workplace with poor productivity and motivation towards the work on weekends. The employees will not feel motivated to work overtime on Sundays (Lippke, 2011). Hence, it will impact productivity of the organisations and performance of the workforce. Furthermore, the reduction in the overtime penalties will make the employers benefited due to reduction in the payroll expenses for the weekends (Jones, 2011). The reduction will result in a conflict between the employee unions and employers. It will result in strikes and social conflict in the economy. Hence, it is recommended to the government of Australia not to reduce the overtime penalty rates. Conclusion It can be seen from the above analysis that the government policy to reduce the overtime penalty rates will benefit the employers and will result in workplace conflicts in the organisations. It will reduce the motivation level of the employees and impact the productivity of the organisation. Furthermore, the policy will result in conflict among the employees who are not willing to work on holidays and employers paying less for the overtimes. Hence, it is recommended to provide the employees with other benefits such as rewards on hundred percent attendance and gift coupons to work on holidays to eliminate the negative impacts of the policy. Furthermore, the companies can use other means such as employing part time workers at low rates for working on holidays. Hence, the alternative means can be used by the organisations to mitigate the issues of reducing overtime penalty rates. References ABC News. (2015).Productivity Commission backs abolishing Sunday penalty rates. [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-12-21/productivity-commission-recommends-changes-to-penalty-rates/7045624 [Accessed Sep. 2016]. ABC News. (2015).Reducing penalty rates makes economic but not political sense (at least for now). [online] Available at: https://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-10-01/smith-reducing-penalty-rates/6818876 [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Fair Work Ombudsman. (2016).Welcome to the Fair Work Ombudsman website. [online] Available at: https://www.fairwork.gov.au/pay/penalty-rates-and-allowances [Accessed Sep. 2016]. Goodpaster, K. (2011). Business Ethics and Stakeholder Analysis.Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(1), p.53. Harrison, S. (2015). Varying rates for unsocial hours undermines deal.Nursing Standard, 19(17), pp.5-5. Jones, S. (2011). Penalty Rates under Challenge.Journal of Industrial Relations, 23(4), pp.504-507. Lippke, R. (2011). A Critique of Business Ethics.Business Ethics Quarterly, 1(4), p.367. Moon, C. (2011).Business ethics. London: Economist.